The Little White Bird By J. M. A Brief - 1457 Words

J. M. Barrie wrote about a typical boy based loosely on the Llewellyn Davies family. Barrie could not have known how the world would change when he introduced Peter Pan in 1902’s The Little White Bird or that Peter Pan would be adapted over and over one hundred years later. He could not have imagined the psychiatric term for men the â€Å"Peter Pan Syndrome† being a phenomenon. Barrie simply told a story by using characters and life events and creating a children’s story of fantasy. Peter Pan was not traditional in the sense that it tapped into the child at the heart of every human young and old. Barrie was a visionary as well as a writer as he saw brilliance in tragedy and wrote about what human desires to remain youthful and act from an untainted point of view without restrictions. He supplied the child and adult with fantastic escapades of fear and violence, escape from responsibility and shows death as only one more adventure. Barrie met the Llewellyn Da vies boys Barrie while he was running away from all his own losses, perhaps he just wanted to keep running and take them all with him. Adaptation-Finding Neverland Finding Neverland delves into the relationship between J. M. Barrie and the fatherless Llewelyn Davies family that led to the story of Peter Pan. Cultural codes set times and places are established through the setting of London as well as the time presented. The setting is in London in 1904 where Barrie and the Llewelyn Davies family meet in Kensington GardensShow MoreRelatedReflection for â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†2242 Words   |  9 PagesReflection for â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† Abstract This essay consists of three sections. The first section, a brief synopsis of the book â€Å"I know why caged bird sings† is presented. At the second part, three insights after reading the book are introduced. That is, metaphor of caged bird, power of literacy, and power of silence. At the last section, discipline-specific knowledge that relevant to the main character of book is stated. Synopsis of the Text This autobiographyRead MoreApa Format2671 Words   |  11 PagesAnnoying APA Format Stuff: A Brief Overview of the 6th Edition Scott W. Plunkett California State University, Northridge Noh Wahnelse and I. M. N. Oyed University of Invisible Students Authors’ names should appear in order of their contribution to the manuscript. Author Note Scott W. Plunkett, Department of Psychology, California State University Northridge. Noh Wahnelse, Department of Paranormal Experiences and Life Events, University of Invisible Students. I. M. N. Oyed, Department of AngerRead MoreLa Brea Tar Pits2573 Words   |  11 Pagestar pits attracted oil men, as asphaltum is often associated with petroleum. Then, [w]hen W. W. Orcutt, the original organizer of the geological department of Union Oil of California, reexamined the area in 1901, he discovered a vast mosaic of white bones on the surface of a pool of asphalt--the skeleton of a giant ground sloth, a huge armored animal that had been extinct for millions of years. As paleontologists subsequently probed the La Brea tar pits, it became obvious that the heavy asphaltRead MoreEssay Impact of Global Warming on Species2592 Words   |  11 PagesThousands of species have become extinct over the last four decades as a result of changes in land use and as a result of global warming. Whether or not the millions of species can adapt and evolve to climate changes is debatable. As this brief overview will report, the human species is not adapting well to the changes. It must be remembered that increases in the levels of carbon dioxide are certainly responsible for the risk many species face, but so is the way land is used, e.g., rain forest destr uctionRead MoreSpace Exploration: The Key to the Future of Mankind Essay2035 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause our planet has a finite resource base for future populace support, we are at an increased risk of mass extinction without dissemination and cosmic expeditions promote innovation to stimulate growth and technological advancement. In our brief history, Homo sapiens have occupied our planet for nearly 200,000 years. From our origins, we banded together in small nomadic groups, as the hunters and gatherers that foraged the Earth for survival. The resources of our lands were abundant, supplyingRead MoreMobile Learning7438 Words   |  30 Pagescommon and accessible, learners will be able to participate in this international Internet communication. Appeal The ability to appeal to a learner is critical for his/her learning process. Mitchell and Doherty (2003) believe that the majority of m-Learning target audiences lack basic skills because they are not interested in taking part in traditional education and training. An experiment is planned at Copenhagen University to provide PDAs with scanning pens to learners with reading difficultiesRead MoreA Third Faction : Cherokee3375 Words   |  14 Pagesduring the Indian removal, but being pragmatic is more important than holding a grudge. The Cherokee elite were not so different from Southern plantation owners in that they owned slaves, so they aligned with the side that shared a common interest. Little is ever spoken of Cherokee involvement in the war, but their influence was substantial in its outcome. Many battles, particularly in the west, involved Cherokee soldiers, and some were even led by a Cherokee general. When Jefferson Davis becameRead MoreBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping10228 Words   |  41 PagesBeyond Sophisticated Stereotyping: Cultural Sensemaking in Context [and Executive Commentaries] Author(s): Joyce S. Osland, Allan Bird, June Delano and Mathew Jacob Source: The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), Vol. 14, No. 1, Themes: Forming Impressions and Giving Feedback (Feb., 2000), pp. 65-79 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165609 . Accessed: 05/08/2013 09:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Read MoreLaci Peterson5018 Words   |  21 PagesFamilies THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY Laci Peterson (Laci Denise Peterson, nee Rocha) Substitute teacher; on December 24, 2002, reported missing while pregnant at the age of 27; had partial remains found April 14, 2003; described as 51, about 140 pounds, white, with shoulder-length brown hair and brown eyes, with dimples on both cheeks and a tattoo of a sunflower on her ankle; called one of Americas best-known murder victims by the Modesto Bee; nicknamed Jabber Jaws and J.J. by family, and Cake LadyRead MoreFood in Literature: a Book Review on Charlie and the Chocolate Factor5984 Words   |  24 Pagesexperiments on creating new chocolates took place, and he imagined that they would be like a laboratories full of scientists with white coats concocting chocolates and candies. He dreamt of becoming an inventor and to create chocolates that would excite even Mr. Cadbury himself. As he wrote in his autobiography, â€Å"I have no doubt at all that, 35 years later †¦ I remembered those little cardboard boxes and the newly invented chocolates inside them, and I began to write a book called Charlie and the Chocolate

Analysis Of Oedipus The King ¸ Jocasta - 1078 Words

Suicide is a desperate act that puts forward a clear yet sombre statement to their audience. Keeping this is mind, the question arises, why do people commit suicide? In Sophocles’ play, Oedipus The King ¸ Jocasta who is both wife and mother to Oedipus is an excellent example of why one might commit suicide due to two major themes. The first theme is pride and manifests itself in Jocasta’s prideful character. The second theme is prophecy and its relation to suicide is found it Jocasta’s actions after she realizes the truth. Jocasta’s arrogant character and the discovery of the prophecy’s fulfilment are what drive Jocasta to suicide. Jocasta’s egotistical nature is evident throughout the play and this aspect, along with other features of the play, are what contribute to her unruly demise. She is portrayed as an arrogant individual through her actions and lines spoken in the play. After the messenger arrives with news of Polybus’ death, Oedipus is relieved that his adopted father had died thus, unable to fulfill the prophecy. Jocasta responds with a boastful remark stating, â€Å"There. Didn’t I tell you from the start† (Sophocles 1064-1065). This contemptuous statement directed towards Oedipus showcases Jocasta’s personality, and is a major factor that contributes to her death. In addition to being insolent, Jocasta portrays traits of skepticism, because she questions the prophecy that Tiresias had foretold, â€Å"A prophet? Well then, free yourself of every charge! Listen to me andShow MoreRelatedSexism In Oedipus The King1395 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy, Oedipus the King, i s not sexist. The prominent play portrays both men and women justly. The events presented by Sophocles exemplifies a level of admiration and respect for women that was not ordinary in ancient Greece. This is predominantly achieved through the dialogue of Jocasta and Oedipus, illustrating a corresponding relationship. In addition, the behavior of Jocasta, analysis of other literature, as well as the bad fortune of the male characters reaffirm that the Oedipus the King is notRead MoreA Greek Play Created By Sophocles1608 Words   |  7 Pagesplay created by Sophocles around 335 BC, Oedipus the King tells a story about one man’s irony to find the previous’ king’s murderer to seek justice. Oedipus stops at nothing to find the killer. As he questions the citizens, he only finds himself to be the killer. In this essay we explore how one major event can create multiple forms of conflict. The conflicts of Human vs. supernatural, the predestined fate of Oedipus and the gods. Human vs. human, when Oedipus heeds no warnings and stops at nothingRead MoreOedipus The King As A Tragic Hero Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesConsidered one of the greatest dramas of all time, Sophocles’ play Oedipus the King follows the tragic life of Oedipus, king of Thebes. Considered a Satyr play, the Oedipus trilogy is perhaps the most famous of Sophocles’ plays. Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy that was first performed somewhere around 429 BC in Athens, Greece. Originally, the Greeks referred to the play as simply â€Å"Oedipus,† as that was what Aristotle referred to it as in the Poetics. Perhaps what makes this play so memorableRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: A Plot Driven Tragedy1493 Words   |  6 PagesAristotles opinions on tragedy were largely constructed around Sophocles Oedipus the King, which Aristotle called quot;the perfect tragedy.quot; Considered by many to be one of the greatest plays of all time, Oedipus the King tells h ow Oedipus, the king of Thebes, comes to realize that he unknowingly killed his father and married his mother and shows the tragic aftermath of this realization. The play opens with Oedipus addressing the citizens of Thebes who have gathered outside the palace. TheRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreThe Precursor Of Psychoanalysis And Dr. Josef Breuer1124 Words   |  5 Pagesto engulf in its comprehension. Consequently, Freud discovered the ability to do this by analyzing dreams, as he stated: â€Å"the interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious†. Thus, Freud embarked on a journey of self-analysis, later publishing his findings in his work The Interpretation of Dreams. Moreover, it is here where Freud has embraced the ability to psychoanalyze himself through a recollection of dreams kept from childhood. As a result, it was discovered thatRead MoreAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays1392 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays When Teiresias asks in Antigone (line 1051), What prize outweighs the priceless worth of prudence? he strikes (as usual) to the heart of the matter in Sophocles Theban Plays. Sophocles dramatizes the struggle between fate and free will, in one sense, but in another sense the drama might be better understood as the struggle between the will of the goods (which it is prudent to follow, according to Teiresias) and mans will (which is oftenRead MoreOedipus the King: Oedipuss Submission to the Gods Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstood this, and dissipated any pollyanic view of society by presenting us with plays that were intended to teach. Sophocless Oedipus the King issued a warning for those who foolishly believed that they could challenge the forces of nature. Sophocles was known for presenting characters that are fluid not static. So it should come as no surprise that the Oedipus the reader encounters at the outset of the play, an extraordinary leader, but one whos pride has lead him to challenge his fate, hasRead MoreOedipus Trilogy Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesNovel Analysis of The Oedipus Trilogy Oedipus Rex, or Oedipus Tyrannus as it is in Latin, could be what we call today a Freudian work of literature. The Oedipus Trilogy was originally written by Sophocles and is meant to be told in a story-telling fashion. But this Grecian tragedy was revised and translated into English by Paul Roche and put into a novel form. The Oedipus Trilogy is a novel that deals with destiny and fate. The reader is shown a series of events plotted out from which OedipusRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He never

Marketing strategy development Unilever Group

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy Development Unilever Group. Answer: Introduction The present report will discuss about the management of the marketing for Unilever Group which is one of the most popular company. There is a huge difference in the marketing and management of a company but still they are deeply interrelated to each other. The marketing of a product refers to advertisement and promotion of the products and services to make it familiar to the existing and potential customers. While the management of company refers to a systematic arrangement of all the activities so that the company can minimize its input and maximizes its output. The management of marketing refers to a situation where a company decides to manage the marketing plans and strategies of a company. In this report, in-depth discussions will take place on Unilever Group and its marketing management. As the business environment is changing, there is a need to update the marketing management of company like Unilever group which is an international brand for consumer goods. It is a leading company that has a huge number of customers all over the world. Due to this, the level of competition is also increased and the company is facing problems and issues in achieving competitive advantage against the competitors. The motive of this company is to sustain in the existing and also in the new markets of different countries. To achieve this target, the company has to adopt new strategies and policies to attract new customers. The focus of Unilever Group is to achieve big targets and make unique identity. An overview of the company Unilever Group Unilever Group is one of the leading companies of consumer goods. This company is a British-Dutch company which is headquartered in London, Rotterdam, and Netherlands, United Kingdom. This company is dealing with a huge variety of consumer goods products like beverages, food items, milk products, cleaning, cosmetics, personal care products, etc. in the year 2012; it was found that this company is the worlds third largest company for the consumers good. At that time, the firms of the consumer goods that are also the biggest competitors of Unilever Group are Procter Gambles and nestle. At present also, Unilever Group is the third largest but the company is trying hard to reach to first position. However, Unilever Group is one of the largest companies who is manufacturing and producing foods and beverages items. It is also an oldest company for the consumer goods. Unilever Group deals in more than 190 countries and it has more than 40 brands that are working under this brand. The major focus of Unilever Group is on its main brands like Ice-creams, dove, Surf, Lux, Omo, Magnum, Flora, Sunsilk, Heart brand etc. These are the top selling brands of Unilever Group (Gummesson, 2002). Industry of the company As discussed above, the industry of the present company is consumer good company that deals with the goods and services. The company that deals with the consumer goods produces such products that accomplish the daily needs of the customers. to have a better life style, consumers need consumer goods like daily soaps, surf, shampoos, eatables, etc. these are the most selling products present in the consumer markets. This company also belongs to the same group and manufactures beverages, foods products, packed items, clothing, and many more items that have a direct use to the customers to have a good and easy life style. Slogan used by the company to communicate the utilization to the customers The slogan of Unilever Group is very attractive and nice it attracts a huge number of customers that is Feel good, look good, and get more out of life". This is a slogan that represent Unilever group as one of the favorite brand of many customers. Orientation of the market The focus of Unilever Group is to expand the markets of the company and increase the operations. The company also wants to reduce the impact of the company on the environment. In order to achieve this, Unilever Group has to increase the environmental and ethical awareness in the internal and external management of the organization. The focus of the company is to bring development through the motivation of the employees and also the other people related to Unilever Group (Kasi, 2011). Motivation is a key factor that helps every organization to increase the performance of the employees. Unilever Group idea of doing business is to analyze the operations first and then apply strategies on the same. They analyze the market by using different approaches like SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, etc. In this way, they identify the internal and external environment of the company. A big difference can be made in the company through taking actions on a daily basis. In this way, the process of market orientation takes place in Unilever Group (Srinivasan, Vanhuele, Pauwels, 2010). Products The aim of the company is to accomplish the daily needs of every customers present in the market. This is the reason due to which company is trying to expand their business organization and presently it is operating in more than 190 countries and serving their customers. the product range for Unilever Group is very vast as it not only providing consumer goods but also goods that have become a part of peoples life like cosmetics, cleaning items, food items, household products, baby products, clothing, and many other goods (Elliot, and Larry, 2011). 5 Cs 1.Company SWOT analysis POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERNAL STRENGTHS Largest brand and leading organization Worldwide body leading the consumer goods market share prove is too high reformation plan is very unbeaten like one Unilever effective research and development department Development and growth of product and services successful ad and make use of real life and real people WEAKNESSES the company do not have any patent for the new and innovative technology used by the company huge expenditure on the promotion and commercial ad EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES Unilever Group has an opportunity to expand in new and untouched markets A vast impact on the customers perception Increase in the demand of products They can also deal in economies that are booming. THREATS Competition slowdown in the market of urban nations The influence of government and authority is growing There is boost in the position of brand 2.Customers There is a wide group of customers that spread almost in every country as this companies as captured the consumer goods market in a very effective way. Unilever Group tries to cater all age group of people by manufacturing products that can be used by everyone. The range for the products begins with baby products and ends with old age people. The largest market for Unilever Group is Asian market in which the company is selling products like dressings, ice creams, deodorants, cosmetics, health care, etc. (Vargo, Lusch, 2004). 3.Collaborators Collaborators refers to the people who are related to the Unilever Group like their partners, customers, suppliers etc. these people are either directly or indirectly related to the operations of the company. 4.Competitors It is observed that there are large competitors present in the consumer gods market of the company like Unilever Group. The competitors that directly influence the position of Unilever Group are P G, Nestle, LOreal, Kraft foods, Revlon, Nokia, Palmolive, Colgate, gamble co., etc. the position of Unilever Group is the consumers market is third due to P G and Nestle. In order to be at a first and leading position in the consumer goods, the Unilever group has to change its policies and strategies of marketing. They should make timely changes and bring innovation. The industry of consumer goods is full of small companies of consumer goods. So, the threat of competition not only raise form the international organizations but also from the small companies and unmanaged companies. They provide goods at cheaper rates. 5.Context- 6.PEST analysis Political factors- It is very relevant for a company to have stability in the government and political factors. Many times, Unilever Group has to face issues from the European Union. Unilever Group also has an opportunity in the other countries as there is a growth and development in the free trade relationships (Fikri, 2010). Economical factors- As the economies are developing; the development is providing opportunities to the companies like Unilever Group. The growth of the economies helps in facilitating growth of this company. The company should identify the economies that are stable and highly growing (Parasuraman, Grewal, 2000). Social factors Unilever Group is an organization in which the growth and development takes place with sustainability. They care for the society and also very health concisions for their customers. In this way, they try to attract the customers by providing them opportunity to use the products of such company. Unilever Group always tries to improve the quality of the products to serve a mass of the people. Social factors that impact the sale of the company are Increase in the health consciousness Increase in the environmental awareness Technological factor There is a tremendous growth in the technology of the production of goods. This is the biggest challenges for Unilever Group as the competitors are already adopting new techniques of production. The growths in automation, Research and development investments, etc. are the challenges faced by Unilever Group. Market intelligence and Market research It is very important for companies to conduct a market research and identify the marketing intelligence for the company. The aim of doing so is to generate data and information regarding the competition present in the industry of consumer goods, collaborators role, change in the context of business, threat, opportunities, etc. hence, the companies like Unilever Group conduct timely research on the market (Okada, 2005). It can be achieved through research and development department of Unilever Group where they apply approaches of marketing research. Then the data is collected for the same. They also collect feedbacks from the customers and internal department. It helps the company to cope up with the challenge ad issues that come in the way of growth and development (Wilkie, Moore, 2003). 1.Customers want- To analyze the wants of the customers, it is very important to conduct a market survey. It is one of the efficient an effective way to understand the needs and wants of the customers. Unilever group can also take feedback from the customers directly or indirectly through forms, phone calls, emails, etc. in this way, Unilever group can identify the wants of customers. 2.Competitors who pose threat- There are few competitors who poses threat for Unilever group that are P G, Nestle, etc. They are the major players in the consumer market as Unilever group. 3.Changing context of business- The context of business is changing as per the changing economies and business conditions. The world has now become global village and the companies who are international in nature have to tackle all the issues and challenges present in all those countries where they are doing business. 4.Role of collaborators- The collaborators of Unilever group plays an important role as they help the company to optimize the operations. They act as administrators, owners of the project takes place in Unilever group, editor and viewers. These are the major roles played by the collaborators of not only the Unilever group but also in every company. Potential market segment The potential of the company depends on the target market chosen by the same as they are interrelated to each other. It is very particular in nature and depends totally on the needs and demand of the customers of that particular target market. The target and brand position of this company is basically the customers who are very health conscious as the company focus on the health of the customers. The products of this company are also related to health and beauty of the customers. The most famous brand for Unilever Group is dove which is a beauty care product (Elliot, and Larry, 2011). A value proposition for the target market The process for the development of strategies and market penetration help Unilever Group to value the position for the positioned and target market customers of the company. In order to achieve competitive advantage, Unilever Group tries to differentiate their marketing strategies and policies. This process is known as diversification strategy which is very focused in determining of dynamic products and services in the organization (Gummesson, 2002). Position statement for the target market In order to maintain all the data and information related to the position and status of the company and its marketing condition, Unilever Group makes position statement. It is very helpful in recording the data (Sorescu, Spanjol, 2008). 4 Ps Product- This Company is providing a higher range of products to its customers as it is one of the major companies that is dealing with consumer goods (Webster, 2005). Refreshments Food items Home and health care products Personal care Cosmetics and beauty care Place- The distribution and supply chain of Unilever Group is very effective and dealing in many developed and developing countries. The target and brand position of this company is basically the customers who are very health conscious as the company focus on the health of the customers. The products of this company are also related to health and beauty of the customers. The most famous brand for Unilever Group is dove which is a beauty care product. The ways of distribution is through- Retailers Kiosks Stores Subsidiary companies Promotion- Promotion and marketing of product splays an important role in the selling of goods and services. Unilever Group spends a huge amount on the marketing and advertising of their products (Lovelock, Gummesson, 2004). Television advertisement Many types of sale and promotional techniques Growth and development with the public and public relation Personal selling of goods and products Direct marketing and selling of products Door to door selling Pricing strategies- the company is adopting the most effective method of pricing in their company. Premium Pricing strategies Market Pricing strategies Product bundle Pricing strategies Conclusion The conclusion for the preset report is that Unilever Group is one of leading brand that has an established management for its marketing. The b rand is enjoying a reputed and well established place in the consumer goods and markets. Unilever Group share has a very high position in the share markets of consumer goods. It is also observed that this company is competing with the major competitors like P G, LOreal, and Nestle. In this report, there are various research has conducted on the Unilever Group like its customers, competition, position in the market, market segmentation, value of the brand, marketing mix of the company, etc. that has provide an in-depth information about the company. Unilever Group is still a leading brand in the personal care and food products which is one of the biggest achievements for the organization. To achieve more in the consumer goods markets, the company must focus on the advertisement and marketing strategies that should includes some updated and innovative ways of promotion. It is noticed that Unilever Group is spending a huge amount of its investment on dove and Sunsilk which is already established and well known brands. Instead on investing in such brands, they have to invest in new products to uplift them and to make customers aware about the same. It is also recommended to Unilever Group that they can expand their market segmentation for the male customers and launch new products for men as they can become potential customers for Unilever Group. References Elliot, R., and Larry, P., (2011), Strategic Brand Management, Oxford University press, Oxford. Gummesson, E. (2002). Practical value of adequate marketing management theory. European journal of marketing, 36(3), 325-349. Gummesson, E. (2006). Qualitative research in management: addressing complexity, context and persona. Management Decision, 44(2), 167-179. Han, Y. J., Nunes, J. C., Drze, X. (2010). Signaling status with luxury goods: The role of brand prominence. Journal of Marketing, 74(4), 15-30. Kasi, (2011), Marketing Plan of dove, Marketing Mix, https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-plan-2/181-marketing-plan-of-dove.html Kasi, (2011), Unilever Marketing Plan, Marketing Mix, https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-plan-2/201-unilever-marketing-plan.html Lovelock, C., Gummesson, E. (2004). Whither services marketing? In search of a new paradigm and fresh perspectives. Journal of service research, 7(1), 20-41. Fikri, (2010), Unilevers Strategies for Competing in ForeignMarkets, Mohammed Fikri's Blog, https://mohammedfikri.wordpress.com/2010/02/20/unilever%E2%80%99s-strategies-for-competing-in-foreign-markets/ Okada, E. M. (2005). Justification effects on consumer choice of hedonic and utilitarian goods. Journal of marketing research, 42(1), 43-53. Parasuraman, A., Grewal, D. (2000). The impact of technology on the quality-value-loyalty chain: a research agenda. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28(1), 168-174. Smithson, N., (2016). Unilevers PESTLE analysis recommendations, [Online], accessed on: 12 January 2017, Available at: https://panmore.com/unilever-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations Sorescu, A. B., Spanjol, J. (2008). Innovation's effect on firm value and risk: Insights from consumer packaged goods. Journal of Marketing, 72(2), 114-132. Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M., Pauwels, K. (2010). Mind-set metrics in market response models: An integrative approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(4), 672-684. Steenkamp, J. B. E., Van Heerde, H. J., Geyskens, I. (2010). What makes consumers willing to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels?. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(6), 1011-1024. Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of marketing, 68(1), 1-17. Webster Jr, F. E. (2005). A perspective on the evolution of marketing management. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 24(1), 121-126. Wilkie, W. L., Moore, E. S. (2003). Scholarly research in marketing: Exploring the 4 eras of thought development. Journal of Public Pol

Journal Of High Education Policy Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of High Education Policy Management? Answer: Introduction Woolsworths is an Australian brand of supermarkets presently operating in Australia and New Zealand. It first opened in Sydney, Australia in the year 1924 on December 5. Back then, it was the Victorian equivalent of the 1 shop, selling everything from stationery to dish cloths for just five cents(Robinson 2008 ). There are a number of companies in the United States, UK and South Africa with similar names to Woolworths. These however, are not in any way related to the actual company. The company was founded by 5 people namely- Ernest Williams, Stanley Chatterton, Percy Christmas, George Creed and Cecil Scott Waine. By the year 1956, Woolsworth opened its first store in New Zealand and by the year 2972, there were a number of supermarkets emerging in the market. The company kept growing during the late 1920s, unaffected by the Great Depression, opening stores in Brisbane and Perth and had around 23 stores by the year 1933. The company was duly impacted during the Second World War. Howe ver, after the war ended, the companys growth was exponential. In the 1970s it started expanding and opened a number of supermarket stores and slowly became the largest retailer of food supplies by the 1980s. it was evident that Woolsworth was growing its retail space quickly(John Rice 2017). Presently, it is ranked number 2 out of the top 2000 companies in Australia(Copyright 1999-2017 IBISWorld 2016). The Woolworths and Cols have currently neared 10% of the total Australian retail sales(EssaysUK 2015). Organizational Structure Organizational structure can be defined as the hierarchy within an organization. There are a number of types of organizational structures such as functional, divisional, matrix, hierarchy and flatarchy amongst many others. Functional organizational structure is also referred to as bureaucratic and can explained as a traditional business with a sales department, marketing department, customer service department, etc(Alton 2017). The divisional structure refers to different divisions or group that work under one head although, as separate brands. These are also sometimes called as flatter organizations. The matrix is probably the most confusing of all the various types. In addition to having to report to the division manager, an employee or worker also has to report to and constantly update a project manager. In short, a worker has more than one boss. There are both pros and cons to this method as it provides a lot of flexibility in work but can also create confusion and ambiguity. The last most common type of organizational structure is the flatarchy. It is a mixture of hierarchy and flat organizations. In this particular system, there is an open communication system within the organization. It can be thought of as a dynamic structure where the company allows employees to suggest and then run with new ideas(Morgan 2015). Degree of Decentralization The Woolsworth is decentralized and has a number of work units that are spread across the country and others are even located in other countries. The type of organizational structure that Woolsworth conforms to is the flatter organization. The company has five founders and each of them is the head of certain divisions. The same can be seen below in the flowchart Types of Responsibility Centres in Woolsworth A responsibility center is a functional entity within a business that has its own goals and objectives, dedicated staff, policies and procedures, and financial reports(Bragg 2013). The main types of responsibility centres include- Cost centre, Revenue centre, profit Centre and Investment centre. Woolsworth has the following responsibility centres- Cost centre- A cost centre can be defined as a group that is responsible of the incurring expenses. The company has a cost centre which is further divided into two parts. Expenses on salaries of employees, setting up of new stores etc. fall under the category of engineered costs while the expenditure by Woolsworth on its marketing and advertising is discretionary. Revenue centre- Woolsworth has a revenue centre which is responsible for the measurement of output is done in monetary terms. This includes the companys sales department. Profit Centre- In a profit center, performance is measured by the numerical difference between revenues (outputs) and expenditures (inputs)(Kumar 2016). Woolsworth has a profit centre too, enabling the company to run for so many years. Investment centre- Investment centre, as the name suggests is related to keep account of the amount of money invested in to certain activities to make the business grow. Woolsworth also has an investment centre. Environmental Responsibility of Woolsworth In light of negative press coverage, Coles and Woolworths have taken several steps towards improving their reputation(Keith 2012). Woolsworth has been a responsible organization and has taken measures to ensure it gives back to the community as well as the environment in as many ways as possible. Effective implementation demands that administrators understand the process and that managers expect to be accountable for performance(Vonasek 2011).According to a report released by the company which mentions in detail about the companys corporate social responsibility, the company has talked about closing gender pay gap, embracing diversity, moving forward to a circular economy and ensuring recycling of its materials amongst many others. The companys goals consist of three main categories that are encouraging diversity, the environment and building trusted relationship(Writers 2017). It has been observed that the company gains advantage by concentrating on community?based, environmentally friendly and fair trading policies(Wiliams et al. 2010). The Woolsworth has ensured that 40 percent of the senior managing staff and executive officers in the company are females. In addition to this, they are paid the same amount of money as salaries as their male counterparts. The company is also known to have hired Aborginal Australians, thus proving its embrace of diversity and unbiased recruitment of workers. The company is also contributing to circular economy by ensuring that there is absolutely no food water going down to the land fill and recycling the packaging of its own products. The Woolsworth has also reported a 10 percent decline in its carbon footprint and a decline in refrigerator leakages by 15 percent since 2015. There are a number of steps taken by the company to ensure it is doing its bit in giving back to the environment, in addition to those that have been mentioned above. In a article published by the guardian.com, the Woolworth company was reported saying that they shall abandon the use of plastic bags and instead provide their customers with usable bags. The companys CEO, Brad Banducci was also reported saying that this was a part of the companys upcoming policies that had been updated. Customers would be offered a range of reusable plastic bags to buy(Slezak 2017). This proves the companys commitment towards its surrounding and the environment. Reward system and Performance Measurement A performance measurement system can be defined as a set of measures taken to collect, analyze and scrutinize data pertaining to the performance of an individual, a group or an organization. This can help in determining the drawbacks and enhance the strengths and ensure better delivery and more efficiency. Performance measurement provides vital information for advancing social innovation(Wolk, Dholakia Kreitz 2009). Performance of senior managers in an organization is not only indispensable but also pivotal in determining whether a company shall rise or fall. Senior managers are responsible for almost everything. They need to manage the staff, create new strategies, bring about innovation and provide order in the organization. In short, they are the ones who have the most difficult jobs in any working organization. In an interview of Woolworths managing director and CEO, Grant O Brien talks about his journey, what motivated him to perform better and how would he as a senior manager encourage and motivate others to do the same. In the interview, Grant tells the interviewer about how he led a team of subordinates in Woolies at the liquor division. They started off with $200 million dollars and a market share of only 9 percent. But as he and his team worked hard and put in all of their efforts, they were able to increase their market share to 35 percent and turnover to $6billion. When asked about h ow he motivates his sub ordinates, Grant said, Its providing the environment for optimism(Unsupported source type (Interview) for source Placeholder3.). From the companys website, one can take note of the types of reward systems that are offered to its employees. The first and the most obvious reward to the employees in the company are their fixed salaries that the company owes its employees for doing their jobs. Woolworth also offers its employees variable pays which are listed as short and long term incentives. Woolsworth is known to provide its employees with career enhancing opportunities. If an employee is putting in extra effort or has performed extra ordinarily well, the company makes sure to reward the employee on the spot. This ensures the employee remains motivated to keep up his work in addition to setting an example for the other workers to follow. Difference awards are also given out to the employees when he or she has made an extra ordinary contribution to the companys business. The company makes sure to reward both the senior management as well as the working staff and organizing annual events wherein individuals rangi ng from CEO to managers to workers are given annual awards for their exceptional performances throughout the year. In addition to this, the company also makes sure to have a separate reward system for encouragement and motivation of its employees on a continuous basis. This includes a number of things. Employees shopping from the company itself are eligible for discounts. This not only makes the employees happier and more satisfied, but in turn, also increases the sales of the company. The company provides its employees with retirement funding and healthcare benefits. Employees who are of age and have committed to working with Woolsworth seem to benefit from such schemes. Students or part time workers at the company are also offered educational assistance and are eligible for scholarships. There are also benefits for the disabled. Lastly, the company also provides its employees with death cover and a funeral cover in case of accidental death of an employee or death due to old age. The performance measurement system is such that it benefits one and all. All the employees in the organization whether they are bottom level or top level management, are eligible for being rewarded provided they put in efforts and hard work into developing the business of the company. The reward system of Woolsworth is constructed in such a manner that it is consistent with the organizational structure. Conclusion Woolsworth Australia is an extremely popular chain of enterprise dealing in food supply, clothing, liquor and many other products. It has a well-defined organizational structure that is deeply decentralized due to the fact that it has a number of stores in a number of cities, states and countries. The company is also socially and environmentally responsible. It has successfully removed the gap in pay of its male and female employees, which is something women still struggle with even in the 21st century. The company recruits people from all walks of life and different backgrounds without discriminating them on the basis of caste, religion, race or sexuality. It has embraced diversity and set an example for its peer companies. The company has taken steps to recycle its product, embraced circular economy and reduced its carbon footprint in the past few years. The company has always made sure to reward its employees by offering them long and short term incentives, bonuses, annual and exc eptional awards in addition to providing perks such as health care cover, retirement funding, discounts, death covers and educational assistance. It makes sure the employees work hard and give in their best efforts in order to achieve its desired goals in a timely and effective manner. Woolsworth is an epitome of a clean, sophisticated structure of organization that cares for one and all and strives for excellence in what it does. References Alton, L 2017, 4 Common Types of Organizational Structures, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.allbusiness.com/4-common-types-organizational-structures-103745-1.html. Bragg, S 2013, The responsibility center, viewed 15 september 2017, https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/what-is-a-responsibility-center.html. Copyright 1999-2017 IBISWorld 2016, Woolworths Ltd - Premium Company Report Australia, Woolworths Ltd, viewed 18 september 2017, https://ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/woolworths-ltd-company.html. EssaysUK 2015, Woolworths Australia History, viewed 19 september 2017, https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/history-and-background-of-woolworths-in-australia-management-essay.php. John Rice, NM 2017, Company results: how competition is transforming Australias retail sector, viewed 17 september 2017, https://theconversation.com/company-results-how-competition-is-transforming-australias-retail-sector-72844. Keith, S 2012, 'COLES, WOOLWORTHS, AND THE', Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, vol 2, pp. 47-81. Kumar, P 2016, Responsibility Center: Concept and Types, viewed 15 september 2017, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/accounting/responsibility-accounting/responsibility-center-concept-and-types/62602/. Morgan, J 2015, The 5 Types Of Organizational Structures: Part 4, Flatarchies, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2015/07/15/the-5-types-of-organizational-structures-part-4-flatarchies/#f61db0f6707c. Robinson, J 2008 , Woolworths: the rise and fall of the department store empire, viewed 19 September 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/nov/19/woolworths-retail-department-stores. Slezak, M 2017, Woolworths and Coles to phase out single-use plastic bags, viewed 20 september 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/14/woolworths-to-phase-out-single-use-plastic-bags-over-12-months. Vonasek, J 2011, 'Implementing responsibility centre budgeting', Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management , vol 33, no. 5, pp. 497-508. Wiliams, J, Memery, J, Megicks, P Morrison, M 2010, 'Ethics and social responsibility in Australian grocery shopping', International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol 38, no. 4, pp. 297-316. Wolk, A, Dholakia, A Kreitz, K 2009, 'Building a Performance Measurement System', publication, Design Studio at Monitor, Library of Congress Catalog Number, ISBN, Root Cause , Cambridge. Writers, AS 2017, Woolworths sets 2020 corporate responsibility strategy, viewed 19 september 2017, https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2017/02/13/woolworths-sets-2020-corporate-responsibility-strategy.html.